IC693ACC336---IC693ACC336
IC693ACC336---IC693ACC336
實(shí)踐證明,外部設(shè)備的故障率遠(yuǎn)高于PLC,而這些設(shè)備故障時(shí),PLC不會(huì)自動(dòng)停機(jī),可使故障范圍擴(kuò)大。為了及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)故障,可用梯形圖程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)故障的自診斷和自處理。
1.超時(shí)檢測(cè)
機(jī)械設(shè)備在各工步的所需的時(shí)間基本不變,因此可以用時(shí)間為參考,在可編程控制器發(fā)出信號(hào),相應(yīng)的外部執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)開始動(dòng)作時(shí)起動(dòng)一個(gè)定時(shí)器開始定計(jì)時(shí),定時(shí)器的設(shè)定值比正常情況下該動(dòng)作的持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)20%左右。如某執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)在正常情況下運(yùn)行10s后,使限位開關(guān)動(dòng)作,發(fā)出動(dòng)作結(jié)束的信號(hào)。在該執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)開始動(dòng)作時(shí)起動(dòng)設(shè)定值為12s的定時(shí)器定時(shí),若12s后還沒有收到動(dòng)作結(jié)束的信號(hào),由定時(shí)器的常開觸點(diǎn)發(fā)出故障信號(hào),該信號(hào)停止正常的程序,起動(dòng)報(bào)警和故障顯示程序,使操作人員和維修人員能迅速判別故障的種類,及時(shí)采取排除故障的措施。~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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2.邏輯錯(cuò)誤檢查
在系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行時(shí),PLC的輸入、輸出信號(hào)和內(nèi)部的信號(hào)(如存儲(chǔ)器為的狀態(tài))相互之間存在著確定的關(guān)系,如出現(xiàn)異常的邏輯信號(hào),則說明出了故障。因此可以編制一些常見故障的異常邏輯關(guān)系,一旦異常邏輯關(guān)系為ON狀態(tài),就應(yīng)按故障處理。如機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中先后有兩個(gè)限位開關(guān)動(dòng)作,這兩個(gè)信號(hào)不會(huì)同時(shí)接通。若它們同時(shí)接通,說明至少有一個(gè)限位開關(guān)被卡死,應(yīng)停機(jī)進(jìn)行處理。在梯形圖中,用這兩個(gè)限位開關(guān)對(duì)應(yīng)的存儲(chǔ)器的位的常開觸點(diǎn)串聯(lián),來驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)表示限位開關(guān)故障的存儲(chǔ)器的位就可以進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。
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