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Honeywell 10105/2/1 VVVF變頻、矢量控制變頻、直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制變頻都是交-直-交變頻中的一種。其共同缺點(diǎn)是輸入功率因數(shù)低，諧波電流大，直流電路需要大的儲(chǔ)能電容，再生能量又不能反饋回電網(wǎng)，即不能進(jìn)行四象限運(yùn)行。為此，矩陣式交-交變頻應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。由于矩陣式交-交變頻省去了中間直流環(huán)節(jié)，從而省去了體積大、價(jià)格貴的電解電容。它能實(shí)現(xiàn)功率因數(shù)為l，輸入電流為正弦且能四象限運(yùn)行，系統(tǒng)的功率密度大。該技術(shù)目前雖尚未成熟，但仍吸引著眾多的學(xué)者深入研究。其實(shí)質(zhì)不是間接的控制電流、磁鏈等量，而是把轉(zhuǎn)矩直接作為被控制量來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。具體方法是：
廈門岳航計(jì)算機(jī)工程有限公司
聯(lián)系人：李素云
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——控制定子磁鏈引入定子磁鏈觀測(cè)器，實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)速度傳感器方式;
——自動(dòng)識(shí)別(ID)依靠的電機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)模型，對(duì)電機(jī)參數(shù)自動(dòng)識(shí)別;
——算出實(shí)際值對(duì)應(yīng)定子阻抗、互感、磁飽和因素、慣量等算出實(shí)際的轉(zhuǎn)矩、定子磁鏈、轉(zhuǎn)子速度進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)控制;
——實(shí)現(xiàn)Band—Band控制按磁鏈和轉(zhuǎn)矩的Band-Band控制產(chǎn)生PWM信號(hào)，對(duì)逆變器開關(guān)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行控制。
矩陣式交—交變頻具有快速的轉(zhuǎn)矩響應(yīng)(<2ms)，很高的速度精度(±2%，無(wú)PG反饋)，高轉(zhuǎn)矩精度(<+3%);同時(shí)還具有較高的起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩及高轉(zhuǎn)矩精度，尤其在低速時(shí)(包括0速度時(shí))，可輸出150%～200%轉(zhuǎn)矩。
3 變頻器控制方式的合理選用
控制方式是決定變頻器使用性能的關(guān)鍵所在。目前市場(chǎng)上低壓通用變頻器品牌很多，包括歐、美、日及產(chǎn)的共約50多種。選用變頻器時(shí)不要認(rèn)為檔次越高越好，而要按負(fù)載的特性，以滿足使用要求為準(zhǔn)，以便做到量才使用、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠。表1中所列參數(shù)供選用時(shí)參考。 4 轉(zhuǎn)矩控制型變頻器的選型及相關(guān)問題
基于調(diào)速方便、節(jié)能、運(yùn)行可靠的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，變頻調(diào)速器已逐漸替代傳統(tǒng)的變極調(diào)速、電磁調(diào)速和調(diào)壓調(diào)速方式。在推出PWM磁通矢量控制的變頻器數(shù)年后，1998年末又出現(xiàn)采用DTC控制技術(shù)的變頻器。ABB公司的ACS600系列是代采用DTC技術(shù)的變頻器，它能夠用開環(huán)方式對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)矩進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確控制，而且動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)指標(biāo)已優(yōu)于PWM閉環(huán)控制指標(biāo)。
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